feat(#195): SSE realtime Cartes (stream + emit audience)

GET /api/v1/cards/stream (Bearer ou ?access_token=).
Events card.created|updated|deleted, response.added + heartbeat.

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

backend/src/app.module.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import { AllExceptionsFilter } from './common/filters/all_exceptions.filters';
 import { EnfantsModule } from './routes/enfants/enfants.module';
 import { AppConfigModule } from './modules/config/config.module';
 import { DocumentsLegauxModule } from './modules/documents-legaux';
+import { AbsencesGardeModule } from './modules/absences-garde';
+import { CardsModule } from './modules/cards';
 import { RelaisModule } from './routes/relais/relais.module';
 import { DossiersModule } from './routes/dossiers/dossiers.module';
 import { SuppressionsModule } from './routes/suppressions/suppressions.module';
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@ import { SuppressionsModule } from './routes/suppressions/suppressions.module';
     AuthModule,
     AppConfigModule,
     DocumentsLegauxModule,
+    AbsencesGardeModule,
+    CardsModule,
     RelaisModule,
     DossiersModule,
     SuppressionsModule,

backend/src/entities/card_audience_members.entity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import {
+  Column,
+  Entity,
+  JoinColumn,
+  ManyToOne,
+  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
+} from 'typeorm';
+import { CardInstance } from './card_instances.entity';
+import { Users } from './users.entity';
+
+@Entity('card_audience_members', { schema: 'public' })
+export class CardAudienceMember {
+  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
+  id: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'id_card', type: 'uuid' })
+  id_card: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => CardInstance, (c) => c.audience, { onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'id_card', referencedColumnName: 'id' })
+  card: CardInstance;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'id_utilisateur', type: 'uuid' })
+  id_utilisateur: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => Users, { onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'id_utilisateur', referencedColumnName: 'id' })
+  user: Users;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'role_snapshot', type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  role_snapshot: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'is_creator', type: 'boolean', default: false })
+  is_creator: boolean;
+}

backend/src/entities/card_instances.entity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import {
+  Column,
+  CreateDateColumn,
+  Entity,
+  JoinColumn,
+  ManyToOne,
+  OneToMany,
+  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
+  UpdateDateColumn,
+} from 'typeorm';
+import { AmChildren } from './am_children.entity';
+import { AbsencesGarde } from './absences_garde.entity';
+import { Users } from './users.entity';
+import { CardType } from './card_types.entity';
+import { CardAudienceMember } from './card_audience_members.entity';
+import { CardResponse } from './card_responses.entity';
+
+export enum CardInstanceStatutType {
+  OUVERTE = 'ouverte',
+  REFUSEE = 'refusee',
+  TRAITEE = 'traitee',
+}
+
+export enum CardOperationType {
+  CREATE = 'create',
+  UPDATE = 'update',
+}
+
+@Entity('card_instances', { schema: 'public' })
+export class CardInstance {
+  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
+  id: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'type_code', type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  type_code: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => CardType, { onDelete: 'RESTRICT' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'type_code', referencedColumnName: 'code' })
+  type: CardType;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'id_placement', type: 'uuid' })
+  id_placement: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => AmChildren, { onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'id_placement', referencedColumnName: 'id' })
+  placement: AmChildren;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'id_absence', type: 'uuid', nullable: true })
+  id_absence?: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => AbsencesGarde, { nullable: true, onDelete: 'SET NULL' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'id_absence', referencedColumnName: 'id' })
+  absence?: AbsencesGarde;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'cree_par', type: 'uuid', nullable: true })
+  cree_par?: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => Users, { nullable: true, onDelete: 'SET NULL' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'cree_par', referencedColumnName: 'id' })
+  createdBy?: Users;
+
+  @Column({
+    type: 'enum',
+    enum: CardOperationType,
+    enumName: 'card_operation_type',
+    name: 'operation',
+    default: CardOperationType.CREATE,
+  })
+  operation: CardOperationType;
+
+  @Column({
+    type: 'enum',
+    enum: CardInstanceStatutType,
+    enumName: 'card_instance_statut_type',
+    name: 'statut',
+    default: CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE,
+  })
+  statut: CardInstanceStatutType;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'payload', type: 'jsonb', default: {} })
+  payload: Record<string, unknown>;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'purge_at', type: 'timestamptz' })
+  purge_at: Date;
+
+  @OneToMany(() => CardAudienceMember, (m) => m.card)
+  audience: CardAudienceMember[];
+
+  @OneToMany(() => CardResponse, (r) => r.card)
+  responses: CardResponse[];
+
+  @CreateDateColumn({ name: 'cree_le', type: 'timestamptz' })
+  cree_le: Date;
+
+  @UpdateDateColumn({ name: 'modifie_le', type: 'timestamptz' })
+  modifie_le: Date;
+}

backend/src/entities/card_responses.entity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import {
+  Column,
+  CreateDateColumn,
+  Entity,
+  JoinColumn,
+  ManyToOne,
+  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
+} from 'typeorm';
+import { CardInstance } from './card_instances.entity';
+import { Users } from './users.entity';
+
+export enum CardResponseActionType {
+  ACCEPT = 'accept',
+  REFUSE = 'refuse',
+  ACK = 'ack',
+}
+
+@Entity('card_responses', { schema: 'public' })
+export class CardResponse {
+  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
+  id: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'id_card', type: 'uuid' })
+  id_card: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => CardInstance, (c) => c.responses, { onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'id_card', referencedColumnName: 'id' })
+  card: CardInstance;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'id_utilisateur', type: 'uuid' })
+  id_utilisateur: string;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => Users, { onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'id_utilisateur', referencedColumnName: 'id' })
+  user: Users;
+
+  @Column({
+    type: 'enum',
+    enum: CardResponseActionType,
+    enumName: 'card_response_action_type',
+    name: 'action',
+  })
+  action: CardResponseActionType;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'comment', type: 'text', nullable: true })
+  comment?: string;
+
+  @CreateDateColumn({ name: 'cree_le', type: 'timestamptz' })
+  cree_le: Date;
+}

backend/src/entities/card_types.entity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import {
+  Column,
+  CreateDateColumn,
+  Entity,
+  PrimaryColumn,
+  UpdateDateColumn,
+} from 'typeorm';
+
+export enum CardResponseModeType {
+  NONE = 'none',
+  ACK = 'ack',
+  ACCEPT_REFUSE = 'accept_refuse',
+}
+
+@Entity('card_types', { schema: 'public' })
+export class CardType {
+  @PrimaryColumn({ name: 'code', type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  code: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'system', type: 'boolean', default: true })
+  system: boolean;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'titre', type: 'varchar', length: 120 })
+  titre: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'emitter_roles', type: 'text', array: true })
+  emitter_roles: string[];
+
+  @Column({ name: 'recipient_roles', type: 'text', array: true })
+  recipient_roles: string[];
+
+  @Column({ name: 'audience_resolver', type: 'varchar', length: 64 })
+  audience_resolver: string;
+
+  @Column({
+    type: 'enum',
+    enum: CardResponseModeType,
+    enumName: 'card_response_mode_type',
+    name: 'response_mode',
+  })
+  response_mode: CardResponseModeType;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'retention_days', type: 'int', default: 14 })
+  retention_days: number;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'couleur', type: 'varchar', length: 32, nullable: true })
+  couleur?: string;
+
+  @CreateDateColumn({ name: 'cree_le', type: 'timestamptz' })
+  cree_le: Date;
+
+  @UpdateDateColumn({ name: 'modifie_le', type: 'timestamptz' })
+  modifie_le: Date;
+}

backend/src/modules/absences-garde/absences-garde.controller.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { AbsencesGardeController } from './absences-garde.controller';
+import { AbsencesGardeService } from './absences-garde.service';
+import { AuthGuard } from 'src/common/guards/auth.guard';
+import { RolesGuard } from 'src/common/guards/roles.guard';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+import { TypeAbsenceGardeType } from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+
+describe('AbsencesGardeController (#172)', () => {
+  let controller: AbsencesGardeController;
+  const serviceMock = {
+    lister: jest.fn(),
+    creer: jest.fn(),
+    maj: jest.fn(),
+    supprimer: jest.fn(),
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      controllers: [AbsencesGardeController],
+      providers: [{ provide: AbsencesGardeService, useValue: serviceMock }],
+    })
+      .overrideGuard(AuthGuard)
+      .useValue({ canActivate: () => true })
+      .overrideGuard(RolesGuard)
+      .useValue({ canActivate: () => true })
+      .compile();
+
+    controller = module.get(AbsencesGardeController);
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should be defined', () => {
+    expect(controller).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('lister délègue au service', async () => {
+    serviceMock.lister.mockResolvedValue({ items: [] });
+    const res = await controller.lister(
+      'u1',
+      RoleType.PARENT,
+      'pl-1',
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      '2026-01-01',
+      '2026-12-31',
+    );
+    expect(serviceMock.lister).toHaveBeenCalledWith('u1', RoleType.PARENT, {
+      placementId: 'pl-1',
+      type: undefined,
+      statut: undefined,
+      from: '2026-01-01',
+      to: '2026-12-31',
+    });
+    expect(res.items).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('creer délègue au service', async () => {
+    serviceMock.creer.mockResolvedValue({ id: 'a1' });
+    const dto = {
+      id_placement: 'pl-1',
+      type: TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT,
+      date_debut: '2026-10-01',
+      date_fin: '2026-10-02',
+    };
+    await controller.creer('u1', RoleType.PARENT, dto);
+    expect(serviceMock.creer).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'u1',
+      RoleType.PARENT,
+      dto,
+    );
+  });
+});

backend/src/modules/absences-garde/absences-garde.controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import {
+  Body,
+  Controller,
+  Delete,
+  Get,
+  HttpCode,
+  HttpStatus,
+  Param,
+  ParseUUIDPipe,
+  Patch,
+  Post,
+  Query,
+  UseGuards,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ApiBearerAuth,
+  ApiBody,
+  ApiOperation,
+  ApiQuery,
+  ApiResponse,
+  ApiTags,
+} from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { AuthGuard } from 'src/common/guards/auth.guard';
+import { RolesGuard } from 'src/common/guards/roles.guard';
+import { Roles } from 'src/common/decorators/roles.decorator';
+import { User } from 'src/common/decorators/user.decorator';
+import {
+  StatutAbsenceGardeType,
+  TypeAbsenceGardeType,
+} from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+import { AbsencesGardeService } from './absences-garde.service';
+import {
+  AbsenceGardeDto,
+  CreerAbsenceGardeDto,
+  ListeAbsencesGardeDto,
+  MajAbsenceGardeDto,
+} from './dto/absences-garde.dto';
+
+@ApiTags('Absences garde')
+@ApiBearerAuth('access-token')
+@Controller('absences-garde')
+@UseGuards(AuthGuard, RolesGuard)
+export class AbsencesGardeController {
+  constructor(private readonly absencesGardeService: AbsencesGardeService) {}
+
+  @Get()
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiOperation({
+    summary: 'Lister les absences / congés / arrêts — ticket #172',
+    description:
+      'Sans placementId : tous les placements du user (parent = famille multi-AM ; AM = tous accueils). ' +
+      'Avec placementId : un couple enfant–AM.',
+  })
+  @ApiQuery({ name: 'placementId', required: false })
+  @ApiQuery({ name: 'type', required: false, enum: TypeAbsenceGardeType })
+  @ApiQuery({ name: 'statut', required: false, enum: StatutAbsenceGardeType })
+  @ApiQuery({ name: 'from', required: false, description: 'YYYY-MM-DD' })
+  @ApiQuery({ name: 'to', required: false, description: 'YYYY-MM-DD' })
+  @ApiResponse({ status: 200, type: ListeAbsencesGardeDto })
+  lister(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Query('placementId') placementId?: string,
+    @Query('type') type?: TypeAbsenceGardeType,
+    @Query('statut') statut?: StatutAbsenceGardeType,
+    @Query('from') from?: string,
+    @Query('to') to?: string,
+  ): Promise<ListeAbsencesGardeDto> {
+    return this.absencesGardeService.lister(userId, role, {
+      placementId,
+      type,
+      statut,
+      from,
+      to,
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Post()
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Créer une période d’absence / congé / arrêt — #172' })
+  @ApiBody({ type: CreerAbsenceGardeDto })
+  @ApiResponse({ status: 201, type: AbsenceGardeDto })
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.CREATED)
+  creer(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Body() dto: CreerAbsenceGardeDto,
+  ): Promise<AbsenceGardeDto> {
+    return this.absencesGardeService.creer(userId, role, dto);
+  }
+
+  @Patch(':id')
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiOperation({
+    summary: 'Mettre à jour dates / statut / motif — #172',
+    description:
+      'Parent : accept/refuse congé (motivation si refus), ack arrêt. ' +
+      'AM : modifier dates (en attente / refuse / accepté), republication après refus.',
+  })
+  @ApiBody({ type: MajAbsenceGardeDto })
+  @ApiResponse({ status: 200, type: AbsenceGardeDto })
+  maj(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Param('id', ParseUUIDPipe) id: string,
+    @Body() dto: MajAbsenceGardeDto,
+  ): Promise<AbsenceGardeDto> {
+    return this.absencesGardeService.maj(userId, role, id, dto);
+  }
+
+  @Delete(':id')
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Supprimer une absence (hard delete) — #172' })
+  @ApiResponse({ status: 204 })
+  async supprimer(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Param('id', ParseUUIDPipe) id: string,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await this.absencesGardeService.supprimer(userId, role, id);
+  }
+}

backend/src/modules/absences-garde/absences-garde.module.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { JwtModule } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { AbsencesGarde } from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+import { AmChildren } from 'src/entities/am_children.entity';
+import { ParentsChildren } from 'src/entities/parents_children.entity';
+import { AbsencesGardeController } from './absences-garde.controller';
+import { AbsencesGardeService } from './absences-garde.service';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    TypeOrmModule.forFeature([AbsencesGarde, AmChildren, ParentsChildren]),
+    JwtModule.registerAsync({
+      imports: [ConfigModule],
+      useFactory: (config: ConfigService) => ({
+        secret: config.get('jwt.accessSecret'),
+        signOptions: { expiresIn: config.get('jwt.accessExpiresIn') },
+      }),
+      inject: [ConfigService],
+    }),
+  ],
+  controllers: [AbsencesGardeController],
+  providers: [AbsencesGardeService],
+  exports: [AbsencesGardeService],
+})
+export class AbsencesGardeModule {}

backend/src/modules/absences-garde/absences-garde.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { getRepositoryToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { ForbiddenException, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbsencesGardeService } from './absences-garde.service';
+import {
+  AbsencesGarde,
+  StatutAbsenceGardeType,
+  TypeAbsenceGardeType,
+} from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+import { AmChildren } from 'src/entities/am_children.entity';
+import { ParentsChildren } from 'src/entities/parents_children.entity';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+
+describe('AbsencesGardeService (#172)', () => {
+  let service: AbsencesGardeService;
+  const absencesRepo = {
+    create: jest.fn((x) => x),
+    save: jest.fn(async (x) => ({
+      ...x,
+      id: x.id ?? 'abs-1',
+      cree_le: new Date(),
+      modifie_le: new Date(),
+    })),
+    findOne: jest.fn(),
+    delete: jest.fn(),
+    createQueryBuilder: jest.fn(),
+  };
+  const amChildrenRepo = {
+    find: jest.fn(),
+    findOne: jest.fn(),
+  };
+  const parentsChildrenRepo = {
+    find: jest.fn(),
+    findOne: jest.fn(),
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      providers: [
+        AbsencesGardeService,
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(AbsencesGarde), useValue: absencesRepo },
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(AmChildren), useValue: amChildrenRepo },
+        {
+          provide: getRepositoryToken(ParentsChildren),
+          useValue: parentsChildrenRepo,
+        },
+      ],
+    }).compile();
+    service = module.get(AbsencesGardeService);
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should be defined', () => {
+    expect(service).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('parent crée absence_enfant → statut accepte', async () => {
+    amChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'pl-1',
+      amId: 'am-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+      date_fin: null,
+    });
+    parentsChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      parentId: 'p-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+    });
+    absencesRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'abs-1',
+      id_placement: 'pl-1',
+      type: TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT,
+      date_debut: '2026-10-01',
+      date_fin: '2026-10-02',
+      statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE,
+      expire_at: new Date('9999-12-31'),
+      cree_le: new Date(),
+      modifie_le: new Date(),
+      placement: {
+        enfantId: 'e-1',
+        amId: 'am-1',
+        child: { id: 'e-1', first_name: 'Léo' },
+        am: { user: { prenom: 'Marie', nom: 'AM' } },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const res = await service.creer('p-1', RoleType.PARENT, {
+      id_placement: 'pl-1',
+      type: TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT,
+      date_debut: '2026-10-01',
+      date_fin: '2026-10-02',
+    });
+
+    expect(absencesRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    const savedArg = absencesRepo.save.mock.calls[0][0];
+    expect(savedArg.statut).toBe(StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE);
+    expect(res.type).toBe(TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT);
+  });
+
+  it('parent ne peut pas créer un congé AM', async () => {
+    amChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'pl-1',
+      amId: 'am-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+      date_fin: null,
+    });
+    parentsChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      parentId: 'p-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+    });
+    await expect(
+      service.creer('p-1', RoleType.PARENT, {
+        id_placement: 'pl-1',
+        type: TypeAbsenceGardeType.CONGE_AM,
+        date_debut: '2026-10-01',
+        date_fin: '2026-10-05',
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(ForbiddenException);
+  });
+
+  it('refus congé sans motif → BadRequest', async () => {
+    absencesRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'abs-1',
+      id_placement: 'pl-1',
+      type: TypeAbsenceGardeType.CONGE_AM,
+      date_debut: '2026-10-01',
+      date_fin: '2026-10-05',
+      statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE,
+      expire_at: new Date(),
+    });
+    amChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'pl-1',
+      amId: 'am-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+      date_fin: null,
+    });
+    parentsChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      parentId: 'p-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+    });
+
+    await expect(
+      service.maj('p-1', RoleType.PARENT, 'abs-1', {
+        statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE,
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(BadRequestException);
+  });
+
+  it('dates invalides → BadRequest', async () => {
+    amChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'pl-1',
+      amId: 'am-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+      date_fin: null,
+    });
+    parentsChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      parentId: 'p-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+    });
+    await expect(
+      service.creer('p-1', RoleType.PARENT, {
+        id_placement: 'pl-1',
+        type: TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT,
+        date_debut: '2026-10-10',
+        date_fin: '2026-10-01',
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(BadRequestException);
+  });
+});

backend/src/modules/absences-garde/absences-garde.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+import {
+  BadRequestException,
+  ForbiddenException,
+  Injectable,
+  NotFoundException,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { In, IsNull, Repository } from 'typeorm';
+import {
+  AbsencesGarde,
+  StatutAbsenceGardeType,
+  TypeAbsenceGardeType,
+} from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+import { AmChildren } from 'src/entities/am_children.entity';
+import { ParentsChildren } from 'src/entities/parents_children.entity';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+import {
+  AbsenceGardeDto,
+  CreerAbsenceGardeDto,
+  ListeAbsencesGardeDto,
+  MajAbsenceGardeDto,
+} from './dto/absences-garde.dto';
+
+const TTL_EN_ATTENTE_MS = 15 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+const TTL_REFUSE_MS = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+/** Sentinel « pas de purge » pour les périodes acceptées */
+const EXPIRE_ACCEPTE = new Date('9999-12-31T23:59:59.999Z');
+
+@Injectable()
+export class AbsencesGardeService {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(AbsencesGarde)
+    private readonly absencesRepo: Repository<AbsencesGarde>,
+    @InjectRepository(AmChildren)
+    private readonly amChildrenRepo: Repository<AmChildren>,
+    @InjectRepository(ParentsChildren)
+    private readonly parentsChildrenRepo: Repository<ParentsChildren>,
+  ) {}
+
+  async lister(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    opts: {
+      placementId?: string;
+      type?: TypeAbsenceGardeType;
+      statut?: StatutAbsenceGardeType;
+      from?: string;
+      to?: string;
+    },
+  ): Promise<ListeAbsencesGardeDto> {
+    const placementIds = await this.resolvePlacementIds(
+      userId,
+      role,
+      opts.placementId,
+    );
+    if (placementIds.length === 0) {
+      return { items: [] };
+    }
+
+    const qb = this.absencesRepo
+      .createQueryBuilder('ag')
+      .leftJoinAndSelect('ag.placement', 'placement')
+      .leftJoinAndSelect('placement.child', 'child')
+      .leftJoinAndSelect('placement.am', 'am')
+      .leftJoinAndSelect('am.user', 'amUser')
+      .where('ag.id_placement IN (:...placementIds)', { placementIds })
+      .orderBy('ag.date_debut', 'DESC');
+
+    if (opts.type) {
+      qb.andWhere('ag.type = :type', { type: opts.type });
+    }
+    if (opts.statut) {
+      qb.andWhere('ag.statut = :statut', { statut: opts.statut });
+    }
+    if (opts.from) {
+      qb.andWhere('ag.date_fin >= :from', { from: opts.from });
+    }
+    if (opts.to) {
+      qb.andWhere('ag.date_debut <= :to', { to: opts.to });
+    }
+
+    const rows = await qb.getMany();
+    return { items: rows.map((r) => this.toDto(r)) };
+  }
+
+  async creer(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    dto: CreerAbsenceGardeDto,
+  ): Promise<AbsenceGardeDto> {
+    this.assertDates(dto.date_debut, dto.date_fin);
+    await this.assertCanAccessPlacement(userId, role, dto.id_placement);
+    this.assertCanCreateType(role, dto.type);
+
+    const statut = this.statutInitial(dto.type);
+    const entity = this.absencesRepo.create({
+      id_placement: dto.id_placement,
+      type: dto.type,
+      date_debut: dto.date_debut,
+      date_fin: dto.date_fin,
+      statut,
+      expire_at: this.expireAtFor(statut),
+      cree_par: userId,
+      motif: dto.motif?.trim() || undefined,
+    });
+    const saved = await this.absencesRepo.save(entity);
+    return this.getByIdForUser(saved.id, userId, role);
+  }
+
+  async maj(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    id: string,
+    dto: MajAbsenceGardeDto,
+  ): Promise<AbsenceGardeDto> {
+    const row = await this.absencesRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    if (!row) {
+      throw new NotFoundException('Absence introuvable');
+    }
+    await this.assertCanAccessPlacement(userId, role, row.id_placement);
+
+    if (dto.date_debut !== undefined || dto.date_fin !== undefined) {
+      const debut = dto.date_debut ?? row.date_debut;
+      const fin = dto.date_fin ?? row.date_fin;
+      this.assertDates(debut, fin);
+      // Parent : peut modifier ses absences enfant
+      // AM : peut modifier congé/arrêt en_attente (avant accept) ou dates si créateur
+      this.assertCanEditDates(role, row);
+      row.date_debut = debut;
+      row.date_fin = fin;
+      if (row.statut === StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE) {
+        row.expire_at = this.expireAtFor(StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (dto.statut !== undefined && dto.statut !== row.statut) {
+      this.assertCanChangeStatut(role, row, dto.statut, dto.motif);
+      if (
+        dto.statut === StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE &&
+        (!dto.motif || !dto.motif.trim())
+      ) {
+        throw new BadRequestException(
+          'Une motivation est obligatoire en cas de refus',
+        );
+      }
+      row.statut = dto.statut;
+      row.expire_at = this.expireAtFor(dto.statut);
+      if (dto.motif?.trim()) {
+        row.motif = dto.motif.trim();
+      }
+    } else if (dto.motif !== undefined) {
+      row.motif = dto.motif.trim() || undefined;
+    }
+
+    await this.absencesRepo.save(row);
+    return this.getByIdForUser(id, userId, role);
+  }
+
+  async supprimer(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    id: string,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const row = await this.absencesRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
+    if (!row) {
+      throw new NotFoundException('Absence introuvable');
+    }
+    await this.assertCanAccessPlacement(userId, role, row.id_placement);
+
+    if (
+      role === RoleType.PARENT &&
+      row.type !== TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT
+    ) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException(
+        'Un parent ne peut supprimer que les absences enfant',
+      );
+    }
+
+    await this.absencesRepo.delete({ id });
+  }
+
+  private async getByIdForUser(
+    id: string,
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+  ): Promise<AbsenceGardeDto> {
+    const row = await this.absencesRepo.findOne({
+      where: { id },
+      relations: ['placement', 'placement.child', 'placement.am', 'placement.am.user'],
+    });
+    if (!row) {
+      throw new NotFoundException('Absence introuvable');
+    }
+    await this.assertCanAccessPlacement(userId, role, row.id_placement);
+    return this.toDto(row);
+  }
+
+  private statutInitial(type: TypeAbsenceGardeType): StatutAbsenceGardeType {
+    if (type === TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT) {
+      return StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE;
+    }
+    return StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE;
+  }
+
+  private expireAtFor(statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType): Date {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    if (statut === StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE) {
+      return EXPIRE_ACCEPTE;
+    }
+    if (statut === StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE) {
+      return new Date(now + TTL_REFUSE_MS);
+    }
+    return new Date(now + TTL_EN_ATTENTE_MS);
+  }
+
+  private assertDates(debut: string, fin: string): void {
+    if (fin < debut) {
+      throw new BadRequestException(
+        'date_fin doit être supérieure ou égale à date_debut',
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  private assertCanCreateType(role: RoleType, type: TypeAbsenceGardeType): void {
+    if (role === RoleType.PARENT) {
+      if (type !== TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException(
+          'Un parent ne peut créer que des absences enfant',
+        );
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    if (role === RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE) {
+      if (
+        type !== TypeAbsenceGardeType.CONGE_AM &&
+        type !== TypeAbsenceGardeType.ARRET_MALADIE_AM
+      ) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException(
+          'Une AM ne peut créer que congé ou arrêt maladie',
+        );
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    throw new ForbiddenException('Rôle non autorisé à créer une absence');
+  }
+
+  private assertCanEditDates(
+    role: RoleType,
+    row: AbsencesGarde,
+  ): void {
+    if (role === RoleType.PARENT) {
+      if (row.type !== TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException(
+          'Un parent ne peut modifier que les absences enfant',
+        );
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    if (role === RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE) {
+      if (
+        row.type === TypeAbsenceGardeType.CONGE_AM ||
+        row.type === TypeAbsenceGardeType.ARRET_MALADIE_AM
+      ) {
+        if (
+          row.statut !== StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE &&
+          row.statut !== StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE &&
+          row.statut !== StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE
+        ) {
+          throw new ForbiddenException('Statut incompatible avec une modification');
+        }
+        // Accepté : autorisé (S2b — re-validation via cartes plus tard ; API permet update dates)
+        return;
+      }
+      throw new ForbiddenException('Type non modifiable par l’AM');
+    }
+    throw new ForbiddenException('Modification non autorisée');
+  }
+
+  private assertCanChangeStatut(
+    role: RoleType,
+    row: AbsencesGarde,
+    next: StatutAbsenceGardeType,
+    _motif?: string,
+  ): void {
+    if (role === RoleType.PARENT) {
+      // Accept / refuse congé ; ack arrêt (accepte)
+      if (
+        row.type === TypeAbsenceGardeType.CONGE_AM ||
+        row.type === TypeAbsenceGardeType.ARRET_MALADIE_AM
+      ) {
+        if (
+          next !== StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE &&
+          next !== StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE
+        ) {
+          throw new BadRequestException('Transition de statut invalide');
+        }
+        if (
+          row.type === TypeAbsenceGardeType.ARRET_MALADIE_AM &&
+          next === StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE
+        ) {
+          throw new BadRequestException(
+            'Un arrêt maladie ne se refuse pas (accusé seulement)',
+          );
+        }
+        if (row.statut !== StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE) {
+          throw new BadRequestException('Cette demande n’est plus en attente');
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      throw new ForbiddenException(
+        'Pas de changement de statut sur ce type pour un parent',
+      );
+    }
+    if (role === RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE) {
+      // Remise en attente après refus OU modification d’un congé déjà accepté (S2b)
+      if (
+        next === StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE &&
+        (row.statut === StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE ||
+          row.statut === StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE)
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
+      throw new ForbiddenException(
+        'L’AM ne valide pas elle-même (sauf republication / modification)',
+      );
+    }
+    throw new ForbiddenException('Changement de statut non autorisé');
+  }
+
+  private async resolvePlacementIds(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    placementId?: string,
+  ): Promise<string[]> {
+    if (placementId) {
+      await this.assertCanAccessPlacement(userId, role, placementId);
+      return [placementId];
+    }
+
+    if (role === RoleType.PARENT) {
+      const liens = await this.parentsChildrenRepo.find({
+        where: { parentId: userId },
+        select: ['enfantId'],
+      });
+      const enfantIds = liens.map((l) => l.enfantId);
+      if (enfantIds.length === 0) return [];
+      const placements = await this.amChildrenRepo.find({
+        where: { enfantId: In(enfantIds), date_fin: IsNull() },
+        select: ['id'],
+      });
+      return placements.map((p) => p.id);
+    }
+
+    if (role === RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE) {
+      const placements = await this.amChildrenRepo.find({
+        where: { amId: userId, date_fin: IsNull() },
+        select: ['id'],
+      });
+      return placements.map((p) => p.id);
+    }
+
+    throw new ForbiddenException('Rôle non autorisé');
+  }
+
+  private async assertCanAccessPlacement(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    placementId: string,
+  ): Promise<AmChildren> {
+    const placement = await this.amChildrenRepo.findOne({
+      where: { id: placementId, date_fin: IsNull() },
+    });
+    if (!placement) {
+      throw new NotFoundException('Placement / couple introuvable ou inactif');
+    }
+
+    if (role === RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE) {
+      if (placement.amId !== userId) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException('Ce placement ne vous appartient pas');
+      }
+      return placement;
+    }
+
+    if (role === RoleType.PARENT) {
+      const lien = await this.parentsChildrenRepo.findOne({
+        where: { parentId: userId, enfantId: placement.enfantId },
+      });
+      if (!lien) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException(
+          'Ce placement ne concerne pas un de vos enfants',
+        );
+      }
+      return placement;
+    }
+
+    throw new ForbiddenException('Rôle non autorisé');
+  }
+
+  private toDto(row: AbsencesGarde): AbsenceGardeDto {
+    const child = row.placement?.child;
+    const amUser = row.placement?.am?.user;
+    return {
+      id: row.id,
+      id_placement: row.id_placement,
+      type: row.type,
+      date_debut: row.date_debut,
+      date_fin: row.date_fin,
+      statut: row.statut,
+      expire_at: row.expire_at?.toISOString?.() ?? String(row.expire_at),
+      cree_par: row.cree_par ?? null,
+      motif: row.motif ?? null,
+      id_enfant: child?.id ?? row.placement?.enfantId ?? null,
+      prenom_enfant: child?.first_name ?? null,
+      id_am: row.placement?.amId ?? null,
+      prenom_am: amUser?.prenom ?? null,
+      nom_am: amUser?.nom ?? null,
+      cree_le: row.cree_le?.toISOString?.() ?? String(row.cree_le),
+      modifie_le: row.modifie_le?.toISOString?.() ?? String(row.modifie_le),
+    };
+  }
+}

backend/src/modules/absences-garde/dto/absences-garde.dto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import { ApiProperty, ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import {
+  IsDateString,
+  IsEnum,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  IsUUID,
+  MaxLength,
+  MinLength,
+} from 'class-validator';
+import {
+  StatutAbsenceGardeType,
+  TypeAbsenceGardeType,
+} from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+
+export class CreerAbsenceGardeDto {
+  @ApiProperty({ description: 'Placement AM↔enfant (couple)' })
+  @IsUUID()
+  id_placement: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ enum: TypeAbsenceGardeType })
+  @IsEnum(TypeAbsenceGardeType)
+  type: TypeAbsenceGardeType;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ example: '2026-10-01' })
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_debut: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ example: '2026-10-05' })
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_fin: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(2000)
+  motif?: string;
+}
+
+export class MajAbsenceGardeDto {
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ example: '2026-10-02' })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_debut?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ example: '2026-10-06' })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_fin?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ enum: StatutAbsenceGardeType })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsEnum(StatutAbsenceGardeType)
+  statut?: StatutAbsenceGardeType;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({
+    description: 'Motivation de refus (parent) ou motif créateur',
+  })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MinLength(1)
+  @MaxLength(2000)
+  motif?: string;
+}
+
+export class AbsenceGardeDto {
+  @ApiProperty()
+  id: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  id_placement: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ enum: TypeAbsenceGardeType })
+  type: TypeAbsenceGardeType;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  date_debut: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  date_fin: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ enum: StatutAbsenceGardeType })
+  statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  expire_at: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  cree_par?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  motif?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  id_enfant?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  prenom_enfant?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  id_am?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  prenom_am?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  nom_am?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  cree_le: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  modifie_le: string;
+}
+
+export class ListeAbsencesGardeDto {
+  @ApiProperty({ type: [AbsenceGardeDto] })
+  items: AbsenceGardeDto[];
+}

backend/src/modules/absences-garde/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { AbsencesGardeModule } from './absences-garde.module';
+export { AbsencesGardeService } from './absences-garde.service';

backend/src/modules/cards/cards-realtime.controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import {
+  Controller,
+  Get,
+  Headers,
+  MessageEvent,
+  Query,
+  Sse,
+  UnauthorizedException,
+  UseGuards,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ApiBearerAuth,
+  ApiOperation,
+  ApiQuery,
+  ApiTags,
+} from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { JwtService } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
+import { AuthGuard } from 'src/common/guards/auth.guard';
+import { RolesGuard } from 'src/common/guards/roles.guard';
+import { Roles } from 'src/common/decorators/roles.decorator';
+import { Public } from 'src/common/decorators/public.decorator';
+import { User } from 'src/common/decorators/user.decorator';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+import { CardsRealtimeService } from './cards-realtime.service';
+
+/**
+ * SSE Cartes — #195
+ * Auth : Bearer (recommandé) ou `?access_token=` (EventSource navigateur).
+ */
+@ApiTags('Cartes')
+@Controller('cards')
+export class CardsRealtimeController {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly realtime: CardsRealtimeService,
+    private readonly jwtService: JwtService,
+    private readonly configService: ConfigService,
+  ) {}
+
+  @Sse('stream')
+  @Public()
+  @ApiOperation({
+    summary: 'Flux SSE bulles (card.created|updated|deleted, response.added) — #195',
+  })
+  @ApiQuery({
+    name: 'access_token',
+    required: false,
+    description: 'JWT si pas de header Authorization (EventSource)',
+  })
+  @ApiBearerAuth('access-token')
+  async stream(
+    @Headers('authorization') authorization?: string,
+    @Query('access_token') accessToken?: string,
+  ): Promise<Observable<MessageEvent>> {
+    const userId = await this.resolveUserId(authorization, accessToken);
+    return this.realtime.streamFor(userId);
+  }
+
+  /** Variante gardée (clients qui envoient Bearer correctement). */
+  @Get('stream/info')
+  @UseGuards(AuthGuard, RolesGuard)
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiBearerAuth('access-token')
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Debug : abonnés SSE pour mon user — #195' })
+  info(@User('id') userId: string) {
+    return {
+      user_id: userId,
+      subscribers: this.realtime.subscriberCount(userId),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private async resolveUserId(
+    authorization?: string,
+    accessToken?: string,
+  ): Promise<string> {
+    let token = accessToken?.trim();
+    if (!token && authorization?.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
+      token = authorization.slice(7).trim();
+    }
+    if (!token) {
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('Token manquant (Bearer ou access_token)');
+    }
+    try {
+      const payload = await this.jwtService.verifyAsync<{ sub: string }>(token, {
+        secret: this.configService.get<string>('jwt.accessSecret'),
+      });
+      if (!payload?.sub) throw new UnauthorizedException('Token invalide');
+      return payload.sub;
+    } catch {
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('Token invalide ou expiré');
+    }
+  }
+}

backend/src/modules/cards/cards-realtime.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { MessageEvent } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { CardsRealtimeService } from './cards-realtime.service';
+
+describe('CardsRealtimeService (#195)', () => {
+  let service: CardsRealtimeService;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    service = new CardsRealtimeService();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    service.onModuleDestroy();
+  });
+
+  it('émet card.created aux abonnés du user', async () => {
+    const events: MessageEvent[] = [];
+    const sub = service.streamFor('user-a').subscribe((e) => events.push(e));
+
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20));
+    expect(events[0]?.type).toBe('heartbeat');
+    expect(service.subscriberCount('user-a')).toBe(1);
+
+    service.emitToUsers(['user-a', 'user-b'], 'card.created', 'card-1', {
+      id: 'card-1',
+    });
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20));
+
+    const created = events.find((e) => e.type === 'card.created');
+    expect(created).toBeDefined();
+    expect((created!.data as { card_id: string }).card_id).toBe('card-1');
+    expect(service.subscriberCount('user-b')).toBe(0);
+
+    sub.unsubscribe();
+    expect(service.subscriberCount('user-a')).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('ne diffuse pas aux users non abonnés', async () => {
+    const events: MessageEvent[] = [];
+    const sub = service.streamFor('user-a').subscribe((e) => events.push(e));
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20));
+    const before = events.length;
+    service.emitToUsers(['user-b'], 'card.updated', 'x');
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20));
+    expect(events.length).toBe(before);
+    sub.unsubscribe();
+  });
+});

backend/src/modules/cards/cards-realtime.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import { Injectable, MessageEvent, OnModuleDestroy } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Observable, Subject, interval, merge, takeUntil } from 'rxjs';
+import { map } from 'rxjs/operators';
+
+export type CardRealtimeEventType =
+  | 'card.created'
+  | 'card.updated'
+  | 'card.deleted'
+  | 'response.added'
+  | 'heartbeat';
+
+export interface CardRealtimePayload {
+  event: CardRealtimeEventType;
+  card_id?: string;
+  data?: unknown;
+  at: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Bus SSE in-memory par utilisateur (V1 mono-instance).
+ * Rooms = userId (audience carte).
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class CardsRealtimeService implements OnModuleDestroy {
+  private readonly byUser = new Map<string, Set<Subject<CardRealtimePayload>>>();
+  private readonly destroy$ = new Subject<void>();
+
+  onModuleDestroy(): void {
+    this.destroy$.next();
+    this.destroy$.complete();
+    for (const set of this.byUser.values()) {
+      for (const s of set) s.complete();
+    }
+    this.byUser.clear();
+  }
+
+  /** Flux SSE pour un utilisateur authentifié. */
+  streamFor(userId: string): Observable<MessageEvent> {
+    const subject = new Subject<CardRealtimePayload>();
+    let set = this.byUser.get(userId);
+    if (!set) {
+      set = new Set();
+      this.byUser.set(userId, set);
+    }
+    set.add(subject);
+
+    const heartbeat$ = interval(25_000).pipe(
+      map(
+        (): CardRealtimePayload => ({
+          event: 'heartbeat',
+          at: new Date().toISOString(),
+        }),
+      ),
+    );
+
+    return new Observable<MessageEvent>((observer) => {
+      const sub = merge(subject, heartbeat$)
+        .pipe(takeUntil(this.destroy$))
+        .subscribe({
+          next: (payload) =>
+            observer.next({
+              type: payload.event,
+              data: payload,
+            } as MessageEvent),
+          error: (err) => observer.error(err),
+          complete: () => observer.complete(),
+        });
+
+      // ping initial
+      subject.next({
+        event: 'heartbeat',
+        at: new Date().toISOString(),
+      });
+
+      return () => {
+        sub.unsubscribe();
+        set!.delete(subject);
+        subject.complete();
+        if (set!.size === 0) this.byUser.delete(userId);
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  emitToUsers(
+    userIds: string[],
+    event: Exclude<CardRealtimeEventType, 'heartbeat'>,
+    cardId: string | undefined,
+    data?: unknown,
+  ): void {
+    const unique = [...new Set(userIds.filter(Boolean))];
+    const payload: CardRealtimePayload = {
+      event,
+      card_id: cardId,
+      data,
+      at: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    for (const uid of unique) {
+      const set = this.byUser.get(uid);
+      if (!set) continue;
+      for (const s of set) s.next(payload);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test / debug : nombre d’abonnés actifs. */
+  subscriberCount(userId?: string): number {
+    if (userId) return this.byUser.get(userId)?.size ?? 0;
+    let n = 0;
+    for (const s of this.byUser.values()) n += s.size;
+    return n;
+  }
+}

backend/src/modules/cards/cards.controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import {
+  Body,
+  Controller,
+  Delete,
+  Get,
+  HttpCode,
+  HttpStatus,
+  Param,
+  ParseUUIDPipe,
+  Patch,
+  Post,
+  Query,
+  UseGuards,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ApiBearerAuth,
+  ApiBody,
+  ApiOperation,
+  ApiQuery,
+  ApiResponse,
+  ApiTags,
+} from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { AuthGuard } from 'src/common/guards/auth.guard';
+import { RolesGuard } from 'src/common/guards/roles.guard';
+import { Roles } from 'src/common/decorators/roles.decorator';
+import { User } from 'src/common/decorators/user.decorator';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+import { CardsService } from './cards.service';
+import {
+  CarteDto,
+  CreerCarteDto,
+  ListeCartesDto,
+  MajCarteDto,
+  RepondreCarteDto,
+} from './dto/cards.dto';
+
+@ApiTags('Cartes')
+@ApiBearerAuth('access-token')
+@Controller('cards')
+@UseGuards(AuthGuard, RolesGuard)
+export class CardsController {
+  constructor(private readonly cardsService: CardsService) {}
+
+  @Get('types')
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Types SYSTEM émissibles pour mon rôle — #194' })
+  listerTypes(@User('role') role: RoleType) {
+    return this.cardsService.listerTypes(role);
+  }
+
+  @Get()
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Feed bulles de l’utilisateur — #194' })
+  @ApiQuery({ name: 'placementId', required: false })
+  @ApiResponse({ status: 200, type: ListeCartesDto })
+  lister(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Query('placementId') placementId?: string,
+  ): Promise<ListeCartesDto> {
+    return this.cardsService.lister(userId, role, placementId);
+  }
+
+  @Post()
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.CREATED)
+  @ApiOperation({
+    summary: 'Créer une bulle (+ hook absences_garde) — #194',
+  })
+  @ApiBody({ type: CreerCarteDto })
+  @ApiResponse({ status: 201, type: CarteDto })
+  creer(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Body() dto: CreerCarteDto,
+  ): Promise<CarteDto> {
+    return this.cardsService.creer(userId, role, dto);
+  }
+
+  @Post(':id/respond')
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Répondre (accept / refuse / ack) — #194' })
+  @ApiBody({ type: RepondreCarteDto })
+  repondre(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Param('id', ParseUUIDPipe) id: string,
+    @Body() dto: RepondreCarteDto,
+  ): Promise<CarteDto> {
+    return this.cardsService.repondre(userId, role, id, dto);
+  }
+
+  @Patch(':id')
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @ApiOperation({
+    summary: 'Modifier dates (créateur, ouverte/refusée) — #194',
+  })
+  @ApiBody({ type: MajCarteDto })
+  maj(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Param('id', ParseUUIDPipe) id: string,
+    @Body() dto: MajCarteDto,
+  ): Promise<CarteDto> {
+    return this.cardsService.majEnAttente(userId, role, id, dto);
+  }
+
+  @Delete(':id')
+  @Roles(RoleType.PARENT, RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE)
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Supprimer bulle (+ absence si non traitée) — #194' })
+  async supprimer(
+    @User('id') userId: string,
+    @User('role') role: RoleType,
+    @Param('id', ParseUUIDPipe) id: string,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await this.cardsService.supprimer(userId, role, id);
+  }
+}

backend/src/modules/cards/cards.module.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { JwtModule } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { AbsencesGardeModule } from '../absences-garde';
+import { CardType } from 'src/entities/card_types.entity';
+import { CardInstance } from 'src/entities/card_instances.entity';
+import { CardAudienceMember } from 'src/entities/card_audience_members.entity';
+import { CardResponse } from 'src/entities/card_responses.entity';
+import { AmChildren } from 'src/entities/am_children.entity';
+import { ParentsChildren } from 'src/entities/parents_children.entity';
+import { CardsController } from './cards.controller';
+import { CardsRealtimeController } from './cards-realtime.controller';
+import { CardsService } from './cards.service';
+import { CardsRealtimeService } from './cards-realtime.service';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    AbsencesGardeModule,
+    TypeOrmModule.forFeature([
+      CardType,
+      CardInstance,
+      CardAudienceMember,
+      CardResponse,
+      AmChildren,
+      ParentsChildren,
+    ]),
+    JwtModule.registerAsync({
+      imports: [ConfigModule],
+      useFactory: (config: ConfigService) => ({
+        secret: config.get('jwt.accessSecret'),
+        signOptions: { expiresIn: config.get('jwt.accessExpiresIn') },
+      }),
+      inject: [ConfigService],
+    }),
+  ],
+  controllers: [CardsController, CardsRealtimeController],
+  providers: [CardsService, CardsRealtimeService],
+  exports: [CardsService, CardsRealtimeService],
+})
+export class CardsModule {}

backend/src/modules/cards/cards.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { getRepositoryToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { ForbiddenException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { CardsService } from './cards.service';
+import { CardsRealtimeService } from './cards-realtime.service';
+import { AbsencesGardeService } from '../absences-garde/absences-garde.service';
+import { CardType, CardResponseModeType } from 'src/entities/card_types.entity';
+import {
+  CardInstance,
+  CardInstanceStatutType,
+  CardOperationType,
+} from 'src/entities/card_instances.entity';
+import { CardAudienceMember } from 'src/entities/card_audience_members.entity';
+import { CardResponse } from 'src/entities/card_responses.entity';
+import { AmChildren } from 'src/entities/am_children.entity';
+import { ParentsChildren } from 'src/entities/parents_children.entity';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+import { StatutAbsenceGardeType, TypeAbsenceGardeType } from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+
+describe('CardsService (#194)', () => {
+  let service: CardsService;
+
+  const typesRepo = { find: jest.fn(), findOne: jest.fn() };
+  const cardsRepo = {
+    create: jest.fn((x) => x),
+    save: jest.fn(async (x) => ({ ...x, id: x.id ?? 'card-1', cree_le: new Date(), modifie_le: new Date() })),
+    findOne: jest.fn(),
+    delete: jest.fn(),
+    createQueryBuilder: jest.fn(),
+    manager: { query: jest.fn() },
+  };
+  const audienceRepo = {
+    create: jest.fn((x) => x),
+    save: jest.fn(),
+    findOne: jest.fn(),
+    find: jest.fn(),
+  };
+  const responsesRepo = {
+    create: jest.fn((x) => x),
+    save: jest.fn(),
+  };
+  const amChildrenRepo = { findOne: jest.fn() };
+  const parentsChildrenRepo = { find: jest.fn(), findOne: jest.fn() };
+  const absencesService = {
+    creer: jest.fn(),
+    maj: jest.fn(),
+    supprimer: jest.fn(),
+  };
+  const realtime = { emitToUsers: jest.fn() };
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      providers: [
+        CardsService,
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(CardType), useValue: typesRepo },
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(CardInstance), useValue: cardsRepo },
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(CardAudienceMember), useValue: audienceRepo },
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(CardResponse), useValue: responsesRepo },
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(AmChildren), useValue: amChildrenRepo },
+        { provide: getRepositoryToken(ParentsChildren), useValue: parentsChildrenRepo },
+        { provide: AbsencesGardeService, useValue: absencesService },
+        { provide: CardsRealtimeService, useValue: realtime },
+      ],
+    }).compile();
+    service = module.get(CardsService);
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should be defined', () => {
+    expect(service).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('AM crée congé → absence + carte ouverte + audience parents', async () => {
+    typesRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      code: 'conge_am',
+      system: true,
+      titre: 'Congé AM',
+      emitter_roles: [RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE],
+      recipient_roles: [RoleType.PARENT],
+      audience_resolver: 'couple_parents',
+      response_mode: CardResponseModeType.ACCEPT_REFUSE,
+      retention_days: 14,
+      couleur: 'lavender',
+    });
+    amChildrenRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'pl-1',
+      amId: 'am-1',
+      enfantId: 'e-1',
+      date_fin: null,
+    });
+    absencesService.creer.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'abs-1',
+      type: TypeAbsenceGardeType.CONGE_AM,
+      statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE,
+    });
+    parentsChildrenRepo.find.mockResolvedValue([
+      { parentId: 'p-1', enfantId: 'e-1' },
+      { parentId: 'p-2', enfantId: 'e-1' },
+    ]);
+    cardsRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'card-1',
+      type_code: 'conge_am',
+      id_placement: 'pl-1',
+      id_absence: 'abs-1',
+      cree_par: 'am-1',
+      operation: CardOperationType.CREATE,
+      statut: CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE,
+      payload: { date_debut: '2026-11-01', date_fin: '2026-11-07' },
+      purge_at: new Date(),
+      cree_le: new Date(),
+      modifie_le: new Date(),
+      type: {
+        titre: 'Congé AM',
+        couleur: 'lavender',
+        response_mode: CardResponseModeType.ACCEPT_REFUSE,
+        retention_days: 14,
+      },
+      responses: [],
+      audience: [
+        { id_utilisateur: 'am-1' },
+        { id_utilisateur: 'p-1' },
+        { id_utilisateur: 'p-2' },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const res = await service.creer('am-1', RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE, {
+      type_code: 'conge_am',
+      id_placement: 'pl-1',
+      date_debut: '2026-11-01',
+      date_fin: '2026-11-07',
+    });
+
+    expect(absencesService.creer).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(audienceRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(realtime.emitToUsers).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      ['am-1', 'p-1', 'p-2'],
+      'card.created',
+      'card-1',
+      expect.any(Object),
+    );
+    expect(res.type_code).toBe('conge_am');
+    expect(res.statut).toBe(CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE);
+  });
+
+  it('parent ne peut pas émettre conge_am', async () => {
+    typesRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue({
+      code: 'conge_am',
+      system: true,
+      emitter_roles: [RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE],
+    });
+    await expect(
+      service.creer('p-1', RoleType.PARENT, {
+        type_code: 'conge_am',
+        id_placement: 'pl-1',
+        date_debut: '2026-11-01',
+        date_fin: '2026-11-07',
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(ForbiddenException);
+  });
+});

backend/src/modules/cards/cards.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+import {
+  BadRequestException,
+  ForbiddenException,
+  Injectable,
+  NotFoundException,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { IsNull, Repository } from 'typeorm';
+import { AbsencesGardeService } from '../absences-garde/absences-garde.service';
+import {
+  StatutAbsenceGardeType,
+  TypeAbsenceGardeType,
+} from 'src/entities/absences_garde.entity';
+import { AmChildren } from 'src/entities/am_children.entity';
+import { ParentsChildren } from 'src/entities/parents_children.entity';
+import { RoleType } from 'src/entities/users.entity';
+import { CardType, CardResponseModeType } from 'src/entities/card_types.entity';
+import {
+  CardInstance,
+  CardInstanceStatutType,
+  CardOperationType,
+} from 'src/entities/card_instances.entity';
+import { CardAudienceMember } from 'src/entities/card_audience_members.entity';
+import {
+  CardResponse,
+  CardResponseActionType,
+} from 'src/entities/card_responses.entity';
+import {
+  CarteDto,
+  CreerCarteDto,
+  ListeCartesDto,
+  MajCarteDto,
+  RepondreCarteDto,
+} from './dto/cards.dto';
+import { CardsRealtimeService } from './cards-realtime.service';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class CardsService {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(CardType)
+    private readonly typesRepo: Repository<CardType>,
+    @InjectRepository(CardInstance)
+    private readonly cardsRepo: Repository<CardInstance>,
+    @InjectRepository(CardAudienceMember)
+    private readonly audienceRepo: Repository<CardAudienceMember>,
+    @InjectRepository(CardResponse)
+    private readonly responsesRepo: Repository<CardResponse>,
+    @InjectRepository(AmChildren)
+    private readonly amChildrenRepo: Repository<AmChildren>,
+    @InjectRepository(ParentsChildren)
+    private readonly parentsChildrenRepo: Repository<ParentsChildren>,
+    private readonly absencesService: AbsencesGardeService,
+    private readonly realtime: CardsRealtimeService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async listerTypes(role: RoleType): Promise<CardType[]> {
+    const all = await this.typesRepo.find({ where: { system: true } });
+    return all.filter((t) => t.emitter_roles.includes(role));
+  }
+
+  async lister(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    placementId?: string,
+  ): Promise<ListeCartesDto> {
+    const qb = this.cardsRepo
+      .createQueryBuilder('c')
+      .innerJoin('c.audience', 'aud', 'aud.id_utilisateur = :userId', { userId })
+      .leftJoinAndSelect('c.type', 'type')
+      .leftJoinAndSelect('c.responses', 'responses')
+      .where('c.purge_at > now()')
+      .orderBy(
+        `CASE c.statut WHEN 'refusee' THEN 0 WHEN 'ouverte' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END`,
+        'ASC',
+      )
+      .addOrderBy('c.modifie_le', 'DESC');
+
+    if (placementId) {
+      await this.assertPlacementAccess(userId, role, placementId);
+      qb.andWhere('c.id_placement = :placementId', { placementId });
+    }
+
+    const rows = await qb.getMany();
+    return {
+      items: rows.map((c) => this.toDto(c, userId)),
+    };
+  }
+
+  async creer(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    dto: CreerCarteDto,
+  ): Promise<CarteDto> {
+    if (dto.date_fin < dto.date_debut) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('date_fin < date_debut');
+    }
+
+    const type = await this.typesRepo.findOne({ where: { code: dto.type_code } });
+    if (!type || !type.system) {
+      throw new NotFoundException('Type de carte inconnu');
+    }
+    if (!type.emitter_roles.includes(role)) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException('Vous ne pouvez pas émettre ce type de carte');
+    }
+
+    const placement = await this.assertPlacementAccess(
+      userId,
+      role,
+      dto.id_placement,
+    );
+    const operation = dto.operation ?? CardOperationType.CREATE;
+
+    let absenceId = dto.id_absence;
+    const absenceType = this.mapAbsenceType(dto.type_code);
+
+    if (operation === CardOperationType.CREATE) {
+      const absence = await this.absencesService.creer(userId, role, {
+        id_placement: dto.id_placement,
+        type: absenceType,
+        date_debut: dto.date_debut,
+        date_fin: dto.date_fin,
+        motif: dto.motif,
+      });
+      absenceId = absence.id;
+    } else {
+      if (!absenceId) {
+        throw new BadRequestException('id_absence requis pour operation=update');
+      }
+      await this.absencesService.maj(userId, role, absenceId, {
+        date_debut: dto.date_debut,
+        date_fin: dto.date_fin,
+        motif: dto.motif,
+        // Congé accepté modifié → repasse en attente via cartes respond flow;
+        // pour absence enfant update immédiat déjà fait.
+        ...(dto.type_code === 'conge_am'
+          ? { statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE }
+          : {}),
+      });
+    }
+
+    const statutInitial =
+      type.response_mode === CardResponseModeType.NONE
+        ? CardInstanceStatutType.TRAITEE
+        : CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE;
+
+    const card = this.cardsRepo.create({
+      type_code: type.code,
+      id_placement: dto.id_placement,
+      id_absence: absenceId,
+      cree_par: userId,
+      operation,
+      statut: statutInitial,
+      payload: {
+        date_debut: dto.date_debut,
+        date_fin: dto.date_fin,
+        motif: dto.motif ?? null,
+      },
+      purge_at: this.purgeAt(type.retention_days, statutInitial),
+    });
+    const saved = await this.cardsRepo.save(card);
+
+    if (absenceId) {
+      await this.linkAbsenceCard(absenceId, saved.id);
+    }
+
+    await this.buildAudience(saved, type, placement, userId, role);
+
+    const full = await this.loadCard(saved.id);
+    const dtoOut = this.toDto(full, userId);
+    this.emitAudience(full, 'card.created', dtoOut);
+    return dtoOut;
+  }
+
+  async repondre(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    cardId: string,
+    dto: RepondreCarteDto,
+  ): Promise<CarteDto> {
+    const card = await this.loadCard(cardId);
+    await this.assertInAudience(card, userId);
+    if (card.statut !== CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Cette carte n’est plus ouverte');
+    }
+    if (card.cree_par === userId) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException('Le créateur ne répond pas à sa propre carte');
+    }
+
+    const mode = card.type.response_mode;
+    if (mode === CardResponseModeType.NONE) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Ce type de carte ne demande pas de réponse');
+    }
+    if (mode === CardResponseModeType.ACK && dto.action !== CardResponseActionType.ACK) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Action attendue : ack');
+    }
+    if (
+      mode === CardResponseModeType.ACCEPT_REFUSE &&
+      dto.action !== CardResponseActionType.ACCEPT &&
+      dto.action !== CardResponseActionType.REFUSE
+    ) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Action attendue : accept ou refuse');
+    }
+    if (dto.action === CardResponseActionType.REFUSE && !dto.comment?.trim()) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Motivation obligatoire en cas de refus');
+    }
+
+    await this.responsesRepo.save(
+      this.responsesRepo.create({
+        id_card: card.id,
+        id_utilisateur: userId,
+        action: dto.action,
+        comment: dto.comment?.trim(),
+      }),
+    );
+
+    if (card.id_absence) {
+      if (dto.action === CardResponseActionType.ACCEPT || dto.action === CardResponseActionType.ACK) {
+        await this.absencesService.maj(userId, role, card.id_absence, {
+          statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.ACCEPTE,
+        });
+        card.statut = CardInstanceStatutType.TRAITEE;
+      } else if (dto.action === CardResponseActionType.REFUSE) {
+        await this.absencesService.maj(userId, role, card.id_absence, {
+          statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.REFUSE,
+          motif: dto.comment!.trim(),
+        });
+        card.statut = CardInstanceStatutType.REFUSEE;
+      }
+    } else if (dto.action === CardResponseActionType.ACK) {
+      card.statut = CardInstanceStatutType.TRAITEE;
+    }
+
+    card.purge_at = this.purgeAt(card.type.retention_days, card.statut);
+    await this.cardsRepo.save(card);
+    const full = await this.loadCard(cardId);
+    const dtoOut = this.toDto(full, userId);
+    this.emitAudience(full, 'response.added', {
+      action: dto.action,
+      card: dtoOut,
+    });
+    this.emitAudience(full, 'card.updated', dtoOut);
+    return dtoOut;
+  }
+
+  async majEnAttente(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    cardId: string,
+    dto: MajCarteDto,
+  ): Promise<CarteDto> {
+    const card = await this.loadCard(cardId);
+    if (card.cree_par !== userId) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException('Seul le créateur peut modifier cette carte');
+    }
+    if (
+      card.statut !== CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE &&
+      card.statut !== CardInstanceStatutType.REFUSEE
+    ) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Carte non modifiable dans cet état');
+    }
+
+    const debut =
+      dto.date_debut ?? String(card.payload?.['date_debut'] ?? '');
+    const fin = dto.date_fin ?? String(card.payload?.['date_fin'] ?? '');
+    if (!debut || !fin || fin < debut) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Dates invalides');
+    }
+
+    if (card.id_absence) {
+      await this.absencesService.maj(userId, role, card.id_absence, {
+        date_debut: debut,
+        date_fin: fin,
+        motif: dto.motif,
+        statut: StatutAbsenceGardeType.EN_ATTENTE,
+      });
+    }
+
+    card.payload = {
+      ...card.payload,
+      date_debut: debut,
+      date_fin: fin,
+      motif: dto.motif ?? card.payload?.['motif'] ?? null,
+    };
+    card.statut = CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE;
+    card.purge_at = this.purgeAt(card.type.retention_days, card.statut);
+    await this.cardsRepo.save(card);
+    const full = await this.loadCard(cardId);
+    const dtoOut = this.toDto(full, userId);
+    this.emitAudience(full, 'card.updated', dtoOut);
+    return dtoOut;
+  }
+
+  async supprimer(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    cardId: string,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const card = await this.loadCard(cardId);
+    if (card.cree_par !== userId) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException('Seul le créateur peut supprimer cette carte');
+    }
+    const audienceIds = await this.audienceUserIds(card);
+    if (card.id_absence) {
+      const absStatut =
+        card.statut === CardInstanceStatutType.TRAITEE
+          ? null
+          : card.id_absence;
+      // Supprime l’absence liée si pas encore acceptée définitivement
+      if (
+        card.statut === CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE ||
+        card.statut === CardInstanceStatutType.REFUSEE
+      ) {
+        await this.absencesService.supprimer(userId, role, card.id_absence);
+      }
+      void absStatut;
+    }
+    await this.cardsRepo.delete({ id: cardId });
+    this.realtime.emitToUsers(audienceIds, 'card.deleted', cardId, {
+      id: cardId,
+    });
+  }
+
+  private emitAudience(
+    card: CardInstance,
+    event: 'card.created' | 'card.updated' | 'response.added',
+    data: unknown,
+  ): void {
+    const ids = (card.audience ?? []).map((a) => a.id_utilisateur);
+    if (ids.length === 0) return;
+    this.realtime.emitToUsers(ids, event, card.id, data);
+  }
+
+  private async audienceUserIds(card: CardInstance): Promise<string[]> {
+    if (card.audience?.length) {
+      return card.audience.map((a) => a.id_utilisateur);
+    }
+    const rows = await this.audienceRepo.find({ where: { id_card: card.id } });
+    return rows.map((r) => r.id_utilisateur);
+  }
+
+  private mapAbsenceType(typeCode: string): TypeAbsenceGardeType {
+    if (typeCode === 'absence_enfant' || typeCode === 'absence_enfant_modif') {
+      return TypeAbsenceGardeType.ABSENCE_ENFANT;
+    }
+    if (typeCode === 'conge_am') return TypeAbsenceGardeType.CONGE_AM;
+    if (typeCode === 'arret_maladie_am') {
+      return TypeAbsenceGardeType.ARRET_MALADIE_AM;
+    }
+    throw new BadRequestException(`Type non mappé à une absence: ${typeCode}`);
+  }
+
+  private async linkAbsenceCard(absenceId: string, cardId: string): Promise<void> {
+    // Update direct pour éviter droits maj vides
+    await this.cardsRepo.manager.query(
+      `UPDATE absences_garde SET id_card_instance = $1, modifie_le = now() WHERE id = $2`,
+      [cardId, absenceId],
+    );
+  }
+
+  private async buildAudience(
+    card: CardInstance,
+    type: CardType,
+    placement: AmChildren,
+    creatorId: string,
+    creatorRole: RoleType,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const members: Partial<CardAudienceMember>[] = [
+      {
+        id_card: card.id,
+        id_utilisateur: creatorId,
+        role_snapshot: creatorRole,
+        is_creator: true,
+      },
+    ];
+
+    if (type.audience_resolver === 'couple_am') {
+      members.push({
+        id_card: card.id,
+        id_utilisateur: placement.amId,
+        role_snapshot: RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE,
+        is_creator: false,
+      });
+    } else if (type.audience_resolver === 'couple_parents') {
+      const liens = await this.parentsChildrenRepo.find({
+        where: { enfantId: placement.enfantId },
+      });
+      for (const l of liens) {
+        if (l.parentId === creatorId) continue;
+        members.push({
+          id_card: card.id,
+          id_utilisateur: l.parentId,
+          role_snapshot: RoleType.PARENT,
+          is_creator: false,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // dédup
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    const unique = members.filter((m) => {
+      const k = m.id_utilisateur!;
+      if (seen.has(k)) return false;
+      seen.add(k);
+      return true;
+    });
+    await this.audienceRepo.save(this.audienceRepo.create(unique));
+  }
+
+  private purgeAt(
+    retentionDays: number,
+    statut: CardInstanceStatutType,
+  ): Date {
+    const days =
+      statut === CardInstanceStatutType.OUVERTE
+        ? Math.max(retentionDays, 15)
+        : retentionDays;
+    return new Date(Date.now() + days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
+  }
+
+  private async loadCard(id: string): Promise<CardInstance> {
+    const card = await this.cardsRepo.findOne({
+      where: { id },
+      relations: ['type', 'responses', 'audience'],
+    });
+    if (!card) throw new NotFoundException('Carte introuvable');
+    return card;
+  }
+
+  private async assertInAudience(card: CardInstance, userId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const ok = (card.audience ?? []).some((a) => a.id_utilisateur === userId);
+    if (!ok) {
+      const row = await this.audienceRepo.findOne({
+        where: { id_card: card.id, id_utilisateur: userId },
+      });
+      if (!row) throw new ForbiddenException('Carte hors de votre audience');
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async assertPlacementAccess(
+    userId: string,
+    role: RoleType,
+    placementId: string,
+  ): Promise<AmChildren> {
+    const placement = await this.amChildrenRepo.findOne({
+      where: { id: placementId, date_fin: IsNull() },
+    });
+    if (!placement) {
+      throw new NotFoundException('Placement introuvable ou inactif');
+    }
+    if (role === RoleType.ASSISTANTE_MATERNELLE) {
+      if (placement.amId !== userId) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException('Placement non autorisé');
+      }
+      return placement;
+    }
+    if (role === RoleType.PARENT) {
+      const lien = await this.parentsChildrenRepo.findOne({
+        where: { parentId: userId, enfantId: placement.enfantId },
+      });
+      if (!lien) throw new ForbiddenException('Placement non autorisé');
+      return placement;
+    }
+    throw new ForbiddenException('Rôle non autorisé');
+  }
+
+  private toDto(card: CardInstance, userId: string): CarteDto {
+    const lastRefuse = [...(card.responses ?? [])]
+      .reverse()
+      .find((r) => r.action === CardResponseActionType.REFUSE);
+    return {
+      id: card.id,
+      type_code: card.type_code,
+      titre: card.type?.titre ?? card.type_code,
+      couleur: card.type?.couleur ?? null,
+      id_placement: card.id_placement,
+      id_absence: card.id_absence ?? null,
+      operation: card.operation,
+      statut: card.statut,
+      payload: card.payload ?? {},
+      purge_at: card.purge_at?.toISOString?.() ?? String(card.purge_at),
+      cree_par: card.cree_par ?? null,
+      is_creator: card.cree_par === userId,
+      response_mode: card.type?.response_mode,
+      last_refuse_comment: lastRefuse?.comment ?? null,
+      cree_le: card.cree_le?.toISOString?.() ?? String(card.cree_le),
+      modifie_le: card.modifie_le?.toISOString?.() ?? String(card.modifie_le),
+    };
+  }
+}

backend/src/modules/cards/dto/cards.dto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import { ApiProperty, ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import {
+  IsDateString,
+  IsEnum,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  IsUUID,
+  MaxLength,
+  MinLength,
+  ValidateIf,
+} from 'class-validator';
+import { CardInstanceStatutType, CardOperationType } from 'src/entities/card_instances.entity';
+import { CardResponseActionType } from 'src/entities/card_responses.entity';
+
+export class CreerCarteDto {
+  @ApiProperty({
+    description: 'absence_enfant | absence_enfant_modif | conge_am | arret_maladie_am',
+  })
+  @IsString()
+  type_code: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  @IsUUID()
+  id_placement: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ example: '2026-10-01' })
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_debut: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ example: '2026-10-05' })
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_fin: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(2000)
+  motif?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({
+    description: 'Requis pour operation=update (même id absences_garde)',
+  })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsUUID()
+  id_absence?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ enum: CardOperationType, default: CardOperationType.CREATE })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsEnum(CardOperationType)
+  operation?: CardOperationType;
+}
+
+export class RepondreCarteDto {
+  @ApiProperty({ enum: CardResponseActionType })
+  @IsEnum(CardResponseActionType)
+  action: CardResponseActionType;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ description: 'Obligatoire si action=refuse' })
+  @ValidateIf((o) => o.action === CardResponseActionType.REFUSE)
+  @IsString()
+  @MinLength(1)
+  @MaxLength(2000)
+  comment?: string;
+}
+
+export class MajCarteDto {
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_debut?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsDateString()
+  date_fin?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(2000)
+  motif?: string;
+}
+
+export class CarteDto {
+  @ApiProperty()
+  id: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  type_code: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  titre: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  couleur?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  id_placement: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  id_absence?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ enum: CardOperationType })
+  operation: CardOperationType;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ enum: CardInstanceStatutType })
+  statut: CardInstanceStatutType;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  payload: Record<string, unknown>;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  purge_at: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  cree_par?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  is_creator: boolean;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  response_mode?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  last_refuse_comment?: string | null;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  cree_le: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  modifie_le: string;
+}
+
+export class ListeCartesDto {
+  @ApiProperty({ type: [CarteDto] })
+  items: CarteDto[];
+}

backend/src/modules/cards/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export { CardsModule } from './cards.module';
+export { CardsService } from './cards.service';
+export { CardsRealtimeService } from './cards-realtime.service';

database/migrations/2026_cards_system.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+-- Ticket #194 — Module Cartes SYSTEM (collecte absences/congés/arrêt)
+-- Idempotent.
+
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+  IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'card_response_mode_type') THEN
+    CREATE TYPE card_response_mode_type AS ENUM (
+      'none', 'ack', 'accept_refuse'
+    );
+  END IF;
+  IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'card_instance_statut_type') THEN
+    CREATE TYPE card_instance_statut_type AS ENUM (
+      'ouverte', 'refusee', 'traitee'
+    );
+  END IF;
+  IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'card_operation_type') THEN
+    CREATE TYPE card_operation_type AS ENUM ('create', 'update');
+  END IF;
+  IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_type WHERE typname = 'card_response_action_type') THEN
+    CREATE TYPE card_response_action_type AS ENUM (
+      'accept', 'refuse', 'ack'
+    );
+  END IF;
+END $$;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS card_types (
+  code VARCHAR(64) PRIMARY KEY,
+  system BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
+  titre VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
+  emitter_roles TEXT[] NOT NULL,
+  recipient_roles TEXT[] NOT NULL,
+  audience_resolver VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  response_mode card_response_mode_type NOT NULL,
+  retention_days INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 14,
+  couleur VARCHAR(32),
+  cree_le TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  modifie_le TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS card_instances (
+  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+  type_code VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL REFERENCES card_types(code),
+  id_placement UUID NOT NULL
+    REFERENCES enfants_assistantes_maternelles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  id_absence UUID REFERENCES absences_garde(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  cree_par UUID REFERENCES utilisateurs(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  operation card_operation_type NOT NULL DEFAULT 'create',
+  statut card_instance_statut_type NOT NULL DEFAULT 'ouverte',
+  payload JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,
+  purge_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+  cree_le TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  modifie_le TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_card_instances_placement
+  ON card_instances (id_placement, statut, cree_le DESC);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_card_instances_purge
+  ON card_instances (purge_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_card_instances_absence
+  ON card_instances (id_absence)
+  WHERE id_absence IS NOT NULL;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS card_audience_members (
+  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+  id_card UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES card_instances(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  id_utilisateur UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES utilisateurs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  role_snapshot VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  is_creator BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+  UNIQUE (id_card, id_utilisateur)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_card_audience_user
+  ON card_audience_members (id_utilisateur, id_card);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS card_responses (
+  id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+  id_card UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES card_instances(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  id_utilisateur UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES utilisateurs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  action card_response_action_type NOT NULL,
+  comment TEXT,
+  cree_le TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_card_responses_card
+  ON card_responses (id_card, cree_le DESC);
+
+-- Seeds SYSTEM
+INSERT INTO card_types (
+  code, system, titre, emitter_roles, recipient_roles,
+  audience_resolver, response_mode, retention_days, couleur
+) VALUES
+  (
+    'absence_enfant', true, 'Absence enfant',
+    ARRAY['parent'], ARRAY['assistante_maternelle'],
+    'couple_am', 'none', 7, 'peach'
+  ),
+  (
+    'absence_enfant_modif', true, 'Absence enfant modifiée',
+    ARRAY['parent'], ARRAY['assistante_maternelle'],
+    'couple_am', 'ack', 7, 'peach'
+  ),
+  (
+    'conge_am', true, 'Congé AM',
+    ARRAY['assistante_maternelle'], ARRAY['parent'],
+    'couple_parents', 'accept_refuse', 14, 'lavender'
+  ),
+  (
+    'arret_maladie_am', true, 'Arrêt maladie AM',
+    ARRAY['assistante_maternelle'], ARRAY['parent'],
+    'couple_parents', 'ack', 14, 'pink'
+  )
+ON CONFLICT (code) DO UPDATE SET
+  titre = EXCLUDED.titre,
+  emitter_roles = EXCLUDED.emitter_roles,
+  recipient_roles = EXCLUDED.recipient_roles,
+  audience_resolver = EXCLUDED.audience_resolver,
+  response_mode = EXCLUDED.response_mode,
+  retention_days = EXCLUDED.retention_days,
+  couleur = EXCLUDED.couleur,
+  modifie_le = now();
+
+COMMENT ON TABLE card_types IS 'Catalogue types de cartes (SYSTEM seeds #194 ; OPTIONNEL plus tard).';
+COMMENT ON TABLE card_instances IS 'Bulles / file d’attention — collecte, pas vérité métier absences.';

docs/30_DECOUPAGE-TICKETS-QUOTIDIEN.md

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Liste des enfants / foyers pour l’AM + contexte courant (symétrique A3).
 | BDD | Table `absences_garde` + drop `evenements` |
 | API | CRUD + **GET liste** (`placementId` \| tous les placements du user) |
 | Cartes SYSTEM | Module `cards/` types S1–S3 (sans sondages V1) |
-| Realtime | WS/SSE bulles |
+| Realtime | WS/SSE bulles → **SSE** `GET /cards/stream` (#195) |
 | Purge TTL | Job `expire_at` / `purge_at` |
 
 ### Front (après API — hors chantier back immédiat)