feat(#131): fiches parent/AM éditable, placement AM↔enfant, statuts garde/sans_garde

Squash merge develop → master.

- Fiche parent éditable (co-parent, PATCH fiche, GET /parents)
- Fiche AM 3 onglets (PATCH fiche, rattacher/détacher enfants)
- Table enfants_assistantes_maternelles + enum garde/sans_garde
- Migration SQL + BDD.sql canonique
- Correctifs recette : @Get() parents, DTO fiche AM, fix NIR

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

frontend/lib/utils/am_vigilance.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import 'package:p_tits_pas/models/assistante_maternelle_model.dart';
+
+/// Places disponibles attendues : capacité max − enfants rattachés.
+int? amExpectedPlacesAvailable({
+  required int? maxChildren,
+  required int childrenCount,
+}) {
+  if (maxChildren == null) return null;
+  return (maxChildren - childrenCount).clamp(0, maxChildren);
+}
+
+/// True si la valeur déclarée par l'AM ne correspond pas au calcul métier.
+bool amHasPlacesInconsistency({
+  required int? maxChildren,
+  required int? placesAvailable,
+  required int childrenCount,
+}) {
+  final expected = amExpectedPlacesAvailable(
+    maxChildren: maxChildren,
+    childrenCount: childrenCount,
+  );
+  if (expected == null) return false;
+  if (placesAvailable == null) return childrenCount > (maxChildren ?? 0);
+  return placesAvailable != expected;
+}
+
+String? amPlacesVigilanceMessage(AssistanteMaternelleModel am) {
+  if (!amHasPlacesInconsistency(
+    maxChildren: am.maxChildren,
+    placesAvailable: am.placesAvailable,
+    childrenCount: am.children.length,
+  )) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  final stored = am.placesAvailable;
+  final expected = amExpectedPlacesAvailable(
+    maxChildren: am.maxChildren,
+    childrenCount: am.children.length,
+  );
+  final storedLabel = stored?.toString() ?? 'non renseigné';
+  final expectedLabel = expected?.toString() ?? '–';
+  return 'Point de vigilance : l\'AM déclare $storedLabel place(s) disponible(s), '
+      'alors que capacité ${am.maxChildren ?? '–'} − '
+      '${am.children.length} enfant(s) rattaché(s) = $expectedLabel.';
+}

frontend/lib/utils/date_display_utils.dart

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import 'package:intl/intl.dart';
+import 'package:p_tits_pas/utils/enfant_status_utils.dart';
 
 /// Affiche une date ISO / parseable en `dd/MM/yyyy`, avec repli sur la chaîne ou [ifEmpty].
 String formatIsoDateFr(String? s, {String ifEmpty = '–'}) {
@@ -9,3 +10,89 @@ String formatIsoDateFr(String? s, {String ifEmpty = '–'}) {
     return s.trim();
   }
 }
+
+/// Convertit `dd/MM/yyyy` (ou ISO) en `yyyy-MM-dd` pour l'API.
+String? parseFrDateToIso(String text) {
+  final t = text.trim();
+  if (t.isEmpty) return null;
+  try {
+    return DateFormat('dd/MM/yyyy')
+        .parseStrict(t)
+        .toIso8601String()
+        .split('T')
+        .first;
+  } catch (_) {
+    try {
+      return DateTime.parse(t).toIso8601String().split('T').first;
+    } catch (_) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+({int years, int months, int days}) computeChildAgeParts(
+  DateTime birth,
+  DateTime reference,
+) {
+  final birthDay = DateTime(birth.year, birth.month, birth.day);
+  final refDay = DateTime(reference.year, reference.month, reference.day);
+
+  var years = refDay.year - birthDay.year;
+  var months = refDay.month - birthDay.month;
+  var days = refDay.day - birthDay.day;
+
+  if (days < 0) {
+    months--;
+    final prevMonth = DateTime(refDay.year, refDay.month, 0);
+    days += prevMonth.day;
+  }
+  if (months < 0) {
+    years--;
+    months += 12;
+  }
+
+  return (years: years, months: months, days: days);
+}
+
+String _yearLabel(int years) => years == 1 ? '1 an' : '$years ans';
+
+String _monthLabel(int months) => months == 1 ? '1 mois' : '$months mois';
+
+/// Libellé d'âge pour un enfant (liste admin, fiche parent, etc.).
+String formatChildAgeLabel({
+  String? birthDate,
+  String? dueDate,
+  String? status,
+}) {
+  if (status == 'a_naitre' || normalizeEnfantStatus(status) == 'a_naitre') {
+    final due = formatIsoDateFr(dueDate, ifEmpty: '');
+    if (due.isNotEmpty) return 'Naissance prévue : $due';
+    return 'À naître';
+  }
+
+  if (birthDate == null || birthDate.trim().isEmpty) return '';
+
+  try {
+    final birth = DateTime.parse(birthDate.trim().split('T').first);
+    final now = DateTime.now();
+    final parts = computeChildAgeParts(birth, now);
+
+    if (parts.years >= 1) {
+      if (parts.months > 0) {
+        return 'Âge : ${_yearLabel(parts.years)} ${parts.months} mois';
+      }
+      return 'Âge : ${_yearLabel(parts.years)}';
+    }
+    if (parts.months >= 1) {
+      return 'Âge : ${_monthLabel(parts.months)}';
+    }
+
+    final totalDays = DateTime(now.year, now.month, now.day)
+        .difference(DateTime(birth.year, birth.month, birth.day))
+        .inDays;
+    if (totalDays <= 0) return 'Âge : né récemment';
+    return 'Âge : $totalDays jour${totalDays > 1 ? 's' : ''}';
+  } catch (_) {
+    return 'Né le ${formatIsoDateFr(birthDate)}';
+  }
+}

frontend/lib/utils/enfant_status_utils.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/// Statuts enfant alignés sur `statut_enfant_type` (BDD / back #131).
+const enfantStatusValues = [
+  'a_naitre',
+  'sans_garde',
+  'garde',
+  'scolarise',
+];
+
+/// Normalise une valeur API (legacy `actif` → `sans_garde`).
+String normalizeEnfantStatus(String? raw) {
+  final s = (raw ?? '').trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (s.isEmpty) return 'sans_garde';
+  if (s == 'actif') return 'sans_garde';
+  return s;
+}
+
+String _scolariseAccordeAuGenre(String? gender) {
+  final g = (gender ?? '').trim().toUpperCase();
+  if (g == 'F') return 'Scolarisée';
+  return 'Scolarisé';
+}
+
+/// Libellé affiché pour un statut enfant.
+String enfantStatusLabel(String? status, {String? gender}) {
+  switch (normalizeEnfantStatus(status)) {
+    case 'a_naitre':
+      return 'À naître';
+    case 'sans_garde':
+      return 'Sans garde';
+    case 'garde':
+      return 'En garde';
+    case 'scolarise':
+      return _scolariseAccordeAuGenre(gender);
+    default:
+      return status?.trim().isNotEmpty == true ? status!.trim() : '–';
+  }
+}
+
+/// Libellé court pour colonnes validation (null = pas de bandeau).
+String? enfantColumnStatusLabel({String? status, String? gender}) {
+  final s = normalizeEnfantStatus(status);
+  switch (s) {
+    case 'a_naitre':
+    case 'sans_garde':
+    case 'garde':
+    case 'scolarise':
+      return enfantStatusLabel(s, gender: gender);
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}